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Greenhouse gas
A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.〔(【引用サイトリンク】format=PDF )〕 The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about 15 °C (27 °F) colder than the present average of .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NASA Science Mission Directorate article on the water cycle )〕 In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause a greenhouse effect.
Human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (taken as the year 1750) have produced a 40% increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, from 280 ppm in 1750 to 400 ppm in 2015.〔〔The most recent preliminary estimate of global monthly mean concentration (as of May 2013) is 396.71 ppm: (Ed Dlugokencky and Pieter Tans, NOAA/ESRL (())〕 This increase has occurred despite the uptake of a large portion of the emissions by various natural "sinks" involved in the carbon cycle.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Frequently asked global change questions )〕 Anthropogenic carbon dioxide () emissions (i.e. emissions produced by human activities) come from combustion of carbon-based fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, along with deforestation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AR4 SYR Synthesis Report Summary for Policymakers - 2 Causes of change )〕
It has been estimated that if greenhouse gas emissions continue at the present rate, Earth's surface temperature could exceed historical values as early as 2047, with potentially harmful effects on ecosystems, biodiversity and the livelihoods of people worldwide.
==Gases in Earth's atmosphere==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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